one naturally comes to think of the class of real Functions which are limits of everywhere convergent sequences of continuous functions. Once the class of continuous real functions has been established. It started from the following observation: The venerable subject of descriptive set theory was developed in the early decades of this century, mainly by French and Russian mathematicians. This thesis is concerned with constructive reasoning in descriptive set theory. Investigations in Intuitionistic Hierarchy Theory Based on our findings we suggest two modifications to the protocol that red. We investigate the reason for this deficiency by instrumenting the SSL protocol stack with a detailed profiling of the protocol processing components. We benchmark two of the more more popular webservers that are in use today and find that they are a couple of orders of magnitude slower when it comes to serving secure web pages. Since SSL is primarily used to secure web transactions, we use the SPECWeb96 benchmark suitably modified for use with the SSL protocol. In this paper we investigate the performance of SSL both from a latency as well as a throughput point of view. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol provides this capability and it is the most widely used transport layer security protocol. One of the key enablers for business applications is the ability to setup secure channels across the internet. The last couple of years has seen a growing momentum towards using the Internet for conducting business. Introduction The past several years have seen a profusion of efforts to design and implement very-high speed networks which deliver this speed "end-to-end". The detailed example, an ATM Host Interface and Operating System support built at the University of Pennsylvania, illustrates design tradeoffs for hardware and software, and some of the implications of these tradeoffs on applications performance. ![]() In this paper, we outline a variety of approaches to the architecture of such systems, examine several design points, and study one example in detail. The hardware portion of the architecture is often called a host interface and the remainder of the protocol stack is implemented in host software. The difficulties lie in the hardware and software architecture through which application data travels between the network and host memory. Network fabrics with Gigabit per second (Gbps) bandwidths are available today, but these bandwidths are not yet available to applications. Keywords-Bare PC, Application Object (AO), protocol intertwining, Transport Layer Security(TLS), Web server. We also discuss the testing methodology, note some challenges with respect to implementing TLS on a bare PC, and outline the measures taken to address them. In particular, we show how a state transition model that represents events and actions in the TLS Web server is used to develop the intertwined protocol code. We then illustrate intertwining of the TLS, TCP, and HTTP protocols. As an example, we give details of the internal architecture of a bare PC TLS Web server. Furthermore, the unique software architecture of a bare PC enables the TLS, TCP, and application protocols to be intertwined, thereby reducing the communication overhead compared to that of a conventional system. The TLS implementation differs from a conventional TLS implementation in that it is included within a bare PC application that manages its own CPU tasks, directly interfaces to the hardware, and communicates with network protocols without using a standard socket interface. We describe a novel implementation of TLS that runs on a bare PC. It thus provides immunity from attacks that target specific OS vulnerabilities while eliminating the OS overhead in a conventional system. ![]() We describe our prototype implementation for the OpenBSD operating system and quantify its performance implications.Ī bare PC is an ordinary computer that runs applications without an operating system (OS). In this way, we can reduce the number of system calls and context switches to a small constant number, and the amount of data copying that involves the web server by 100%. Our intuition is that protocol framing and cryptographic transforms can be applied to incoming and outgoing data frames by the operating system under a policy specified by the web server. We argue that the same principle of separation can be applied to security mechanisms, by removing the web server from the secure data path.We present a minimal operating system extension that can improve the performance of web servers using SSL/TLS by up to 27%. Use of security mechanisms, such as the SSL/TLS protocol, can negate these performance gains, since such mechanisms need to be located on the data path. Separation of control and data plane is a principle increasingly used to improve the performance of network protocols and applications, such as the Web.
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